Sub-topics on Migration: Labor Migration, Illegal Migration, Child Migration
Labor Migration:
A recent trend in migration relations between Europe and the Maghreb is selective and seasonal labor migration. Particularly the Spanish government has partnered with the Moroccan government in special migration contracts which allow for temporal migration of Moroccan women to Spain to work during the agricultural high seasons. The women are chosen by the Moroccan National Agency for Employment. Spain’s demand for female workers from Morocco is rising in the hopes that temporal migration of women is less of a security risk and because women, especially those with a family at home, are less likely to try to remain in the host country than men.
Related Articles and Papers:
“Moroccan Immigrants, Spanish Strawberries and Europe's Future”:
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,482468,00.html
“Temporary labor migration as a contribution to development: sharing
responsibility”, Global Forum on Migration and Development, July 2007:
http://www.gfmd-fmmd.org/en/system/files/Background+Paper+Session+1.2+EN...
For an overview of Temporal Labor Migration programs by the International Labour Organization (ILO): “MANAGING LABOR MIGRATION: TEMPORARY WORKER PROGRAMS
FOR THE 21ST CENTURY”: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/migration3.pdf
Family Reunification and EU policy, 2004 article from eumap.org:
http://www.eumap.org/journal/features/2004/migration/pt2/eulaw
Illegal Migration:
Excerpt provided by libertysecurity.org from a January 2007 paper entitled, “The changes in the fight against illegal immigration in the Euro-Mediterranean area and in Euro-Mediterranean relations” by Cuttitta Paolo:
“Every year tens of thousands people try to elude strict maritime border controls and risk their lives on old and overcrowded cockleshells, in the attempt to reach Southern Europe illegally by the seaway. Since nearly all chances of legal entry have been suppressed by European countries, the only chance to enter Europe for many would-be immigrants and refugees is to pay high sums of money to smugglers and traffickers and hope that they will not be apprehended by the border guards during their journey.”
Related Articles and Papers:
“EU Mulls Ways to Entice Illegal Immigrants to Leave by Choice”, (11.06.2007), Deutche Welle: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2580671,00.html
“Illegal immigration out of Algeria up in 2007”, (2008-01-13)
http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/...
EU links between legal and illegal immigration: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33191c.htm
“Libyan, Italian NGOs plan collaboration to stem migrant flow” (2008-03-02) http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/newsbrief...
“Morocco’s Illegal Migration Anxiety”, 2005 post on North Africa Journal Weblog
http://www.north-africa.com/blog/?page_id=3
Child Migration:
The number of unaccompanied child migrants from North Africa is rapidly growing. A particular area of concern is of Moroccan children crossing the Gibraltar Straits illegally to get to Spain, less than 20 km away.
Related Articles and Papers:
“Social construction of neglect: the case of unaccompanied minors from Morocco to
Spain”, a 2007 working paper: http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/working/wp-2007-007.pdf
Report on integrating child immigrants into European schools, from Eurydice.org:
http://www.eurydice.org/ressources/eurydice/pdf/0_integral/045EN.pdf
